18 JOTUN GROUP 10. INTANGIBLE ASSETS Intangible assets are measured at cost less any amortisation and impairment losses. Development expenditures attributable to an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the Group can demonstrate: • The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale • Its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset • How the asset will generate future economic benefits • The availability of resources to complete the asset • The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development Following initial recognition of the development expenditure as an asset, the asset is carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation of the asset begins when development is complete and the asset is available for use. The economic life of an intangible asset is either definite or indefinite. Intangible assets with a definite economic life are amortised over their economic life and tested for impairment if there are any indications of impairment. The amortisation method and period are assessed at least once a year. Changes to the amortisation method and/or period are accounted for as a change in estimate. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but tested for impairment annually. Amortisation is calculated based on the useful life of the asset. 11. LEASES OPERATING LEASES Leases for which most of the risk and return associated with the ownership of the asset have not been transferred to the Jotun Group are classified as operating leases. Lease payments are classified as operating costs and recognised in the statement of income in a straight line during the contract period. FINANCIAL LEASES Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the Jotun Group. Assets held under financial leases are recognised as assets and depreciated over the shorter of useful life or the lease term. 12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS I) FINANCIAL ASSETS INITIAL RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT Financial assets within the scope of IAS 39 are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. The Group determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of assets not at fair value through profit or loss, directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial assets include cash and short-term deposits, trade and other receivables, loans and other receivables, quoted and unquoted financial instruments and derivative financial instruments. SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENT The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification as follows: FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading and financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. This category includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Group that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by IAS 39. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in finance income or finance costs in the income statement. LOANS AND RECEIVABLES Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method (EIR), less impairment. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the income statement. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the income statement in finance costs. DERECOGNITION A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised when: • The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired • The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset. II) IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is deemed to be impaired if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred ‘loss event’) and that loss event has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults. FINANCIAL ASSETS CARRIED AT AMORTISED COST For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the Group first assesses whether objective evidence of impairment exists individually for financial assets that are individually significant, or collectively for financial assets that are not individually significant. If the Group determines that no objective evidence of impairment exists for an individually assessed financial asset, whether significant or not, it includes the asset in a group of financial assets with similar credit risk characteristics and collectively assesses them for impairment. Assets that are individually assessed for impairment and for which an impairment loss is, or continues to be, recognised are not included in a collective assessment of impairment. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future expected credit losses that have not yet been incurred). The present value of the estimated future cash flows is discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate. If a loan has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account and the amount of the loss is recognised in the income statement. III) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES INITIAL RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT Financial liabilities within the scope of IAS 39 are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate. The Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, carried at amortised cost. This includes directly attributable transaction costs. The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, bank overdrafts, loans and borrowings, financial guarantee contracts, and derivative financial instruments. SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENT The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as follows: FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling in the near term. This category includes derivative financial instruments
Jotun Annual Report 2016
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